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Docker|2.常用操作命令

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查看版本信息

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docker version

docker info

获取帮助

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docker --help

镜像命令

列出本地镜像docker images

-a: 列出本地所有镜像（包含中间层镜像）

-q：只显示镜像ID

–digests: 显示镜像的摘要信息

–no-trunc: 显示完整的镜像信息

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[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
tomcat              latest              b56d8850aed5        4 days ago          529MB
centos              latest              470671670cac        3 weeks ago         237MB
hello-world         latest              fce289e99eb9        13 months ago       1.84kB

REPOSITORY: 镜像仓库源
TAG：镜像标签
IMAGE ID ：镜像ID
CREATED：镜像创建时间
SIZE: 镜像大小
同一仓库源可以有多个TAG，代表这个仓库源的不同个版本，我们使用REPOSITORY:TAG来定义不同的镜像。
如果不指定一个镜像的标签版本，docker将默认使用REPOSITORY:lastest镜像

虽然本地已经修改为阿里云加速镜像站，但是查询还是从https://hub.docker.com/上查找镜像。

–no-trunc: 显示完整的镜像描述

-s: 列出收藏数不小于指定的镜像

–automated: 只列出automated build类型的镜像

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[root@localhost ~]# docker search tomcat -s 50
Flag --stars has been deprecated, use --filter=stars=3 instead
NAME                DESCRIPTION                                     STARS               OFFICIAL            AUTOMATED
tomcat              Apache Tomcat is an open source implementati…   2637                [OK]                
tomee               Apache TomEE is an all-Apache Java EE certif…   74                  [OK]                
dordoka/tomcat      Ubuntu 14.04, Oracle JDK 8 and Tomcat 8 base…   53                                      [OK]
                                    
NAME：镜像名称
DESCRIPTION：镜像描述
STARS：点赞数
OFFICIAL：官方镜像
AUTOMATED：自动更新

拉取镜像dockerpull

下载镜像 **docker pull 镜像名称[:TAG]**，如果不指定TAG，默认为lastest

删除镜像docker rmi

删除镜像： docker rmi 镜像名称/镜像ID

删除单个镜像： docker rmi -f 镜像名称/镜像ID

删除多个镜像： docker rmi -f 镜像名称1:TAG/镜像ID1[空格]镜像名称2:TAG/镜像ID2

删除全部镜像： docker rmi -f $(docker images -qa)

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删除镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi hello-world
Error response from daemon: conflict: unable to remove repository reference "hello-world" (must force) - container c0c56d69276d is using its referenced image fce289e99eb9
强行删除镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi -f fce289e99eb9
Untagged: hello-world:latest
Untagged: hello-world@sha256:9572f7cdcee8591948c2963463447a53466950b3fc15a247fcad1917ca215a2f
Deleted: sha256:fce289e99eb9bca977dae136fbe2a82b6b7d4c372474c9235adc1741675f587e
删除多个镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi -f hello-world nginx
Untagged: hello-world:latest
Untagged: hello-world@sha256:9572f7cdcee8591948c2963463447a53466950b3fc15a247fcad1917ca215a2f
Deleted: sha256:fce289e99eb9bca977dae136fbe2a82b6b7d4c372474c9235adc1741675f587e
Untagged: nginx:latest
Untagged: nginx@sha256:ad5552c786f128e389a0263104ae39f3d3c7895579d45ae716f528185b36bc6f
Deleted: sha256:2073e0bcb60ee98548d313ead5eacbfe16d9054f8800a32bedd859922a99a6e1
Deleted: sha256:a3136fbf38691346715cac8360bcdfca0fff812cede416469653670f04e2cab0
Deleted: sha256:99360ffcb2da18fd9ede194efaf5d4b90e7aee99f45737e918113e6833dcf278
Deleted: sha256:488dfecc21b1bc607e09368d2791cb784cf8c4ec5c05d2952b045b3e0f8cc01e

容器命令

新建并启动容器

启动容器必须有一个镜像，如果本地有镜像就从本地启动，如果本地没有则先去镜像站点拉取镜像然后启动，并保存镜像到本地；

docker run 镜像名称

–name=”容器新名字”：为容器指定一个名称；

-d：后台运行容器，并返回容器ID，即启动守护式容器；

-i：已交互模式运行容器，通常与-t同时使用；

-t：为容器重新分配一个伪输入终端，通常与-i同时使用；

-P：随机端口映射；

-p：指定端口映射，有以下四种格式 ip:hostPort:containerPort / ip::containerPort / hostPort:containerPort / containerPort

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[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
tomcat              latest              b56d8850aed5        4 days ago          529MB
centos              latest              470671670cac        3 weeks ago         237MB
# 启动交互式容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it --name centos20200211 470671670cac
[root@8ec89289309a /]# pwd
/
[root@8ec89289309a /]# ls
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
[root@8ec89289309a /]#
# 启动守护式容器
docker run -d 
# 启动一个mysql容器
docker run -p 3306:3306 --name db1 -v /data/mysql/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d -v /data/mysql/logs:/logs -v /data/mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=111 -d mysql:5.7.29

列出的容器

docker ps

-a： 列出所有的容器，包含已经停止的容器

-l： 显示最新创建的容器

-n： 显示最近n次创建的容器

-q： 静默模式，只显示容器编号

–no-trunc ：不截断输出

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[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
8ec89289309a        470671670cac        "/bin/bash"         3 minutes ago       Up 3 minutes                            centos20200211
8a5da2a84c74        centos              "/bin/bash"         3 hours ago         Up 3 hours                              centos0211

退出容器

  • exit 容器停止退出

  • Ctrl+P+Q 容器不停止退出

开两个终端做个操作

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[root@localhost ~]# docker ps 
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
8ec89289309a        470671670cac        "/bin/bash"         6 minutes ago       Up 6 minutes                            centos20200211
8a5da2a84c74        centos              "/bin/bash"         3 hours ago         Up 3 hours                              centos0211
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[root@8ec89289309a /]# exit
exit
[root@localhost ~]#
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[root@localhost ~]# docker ps 
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
8a5da2a84c74        centos              "/bin/bash"         3 hours ago         Up 3 hours                              centos0211

启动容器

docker start 容器id/容器名称

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[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                        PORTS               NAMES
ba4a8278426e        470671670cac        "/bin/bash"         12 minutes ago      Up 12 minutes                                     centos20200211
f34465900de2        centos              "/bin/bash"         28 minutes ago      Exited (127) 27 minutes ago                       stoic_ride
8a5da2a84c74        centos              "/bin/bash"         3 hours ago         Up 3 hours                                        centos0211
899f21d7be4f        470671670cac        "/bin/bash"         4 hours ago         Exited (0) 3 hours ago                            dazzling_hypatia
8821a07e9822        470671670cac        "/bin/bash"         4 hours ago         Exited (130) 4 hours ago                          infallible_jones
c0c56d69276d        fce289e99eb9        "/hello"            31 hours ago        Exited (0) 31 hours ago                           interesting_dirac

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[root@localhost ~]# docker start 899f21d7be4f
899f21d7be4f
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
ba4a8278426e        470671670cac        "/bin/bash"         12 minutes ago      Up 12 minutes                           centos20200211
8a5da2a84c74        centos              "/bin/bash"         3 hours ago         Up 3 hours                              centos0211
899f21d7be4f        470671670cac        "/bin/bash"         4 hours ago         Up 5 seconds                            dazzling_hypatia

重启容器

docker restart 容器id/容器名称

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[root@localhost ~]# docker restart 899f21d7be4f
899f21d7be4f
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
ba4a8278426e        470671670cac        "/bin/bash"         14 minutes ago      Up 14 minutes                           centos20200211
8a5da2a84c74        centos              "/bin/bash"         4 hours ago         Up 4 hours                              centos0211
899f21d7be4f        470671670cac        "/bin/bash"         4 hours ago         Up 1 second                             dazzling_hypatia

停止容器

docker stop 容器id/容器名称

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[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
ba4a8278426e        470671670cac        "/bin/bash"         16 minutes ago      Up 16 minutes                           centos20200211
8a5da2a84c74        centos              "/bin/bash"         4 hours ago         Up 4 hours                              centos0211
899f21d7be4f        470671670cac        "/bin/bash"         4 hours ago         Up About a minute                       dazzling_hypatia
[root@localhost ~]# docker stop 899f21d7be4f
899f21d7be4f
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
ba4a8278426e        470671670cac        "/bin/bash"         16 minutes ago      Up 16 minutes                           centos20200211
8a5da2a84c74        centos              "/bin/bash"         4 hours ago         Up 4 hours                              centos0211

强行停止容器

docker kill 容器id/容器名称

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[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
ba4a8278426e        470671670cac        "/bin/bash"         16 minutes ago      Up 16 minutes                           centos20200211
8a5da2a84c74        centos              "/bin/bash"         4 hours ago         Up 4 hours                              centos0211
[root@localhost ~]# docker kill 8a5da2a84c74
8a5da2a84c74
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
ba4a8278426e        470671670cac        "/bin/bash"         18 minutes ago      Up 18 minutes                           centos20200211

删除容器

删除已经停止的单个容器 docker rm 容器id/容器名称

删除正在运行的单个容器 docker rm -f 容器id/容器名称

一次性删除多个容器 **docker rm -f $(docker ps -a -q) / docker ps -a -q |xargs docker rm **

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[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
ba4a8278426e        470671670cac        "/bin/bash"         43 minutes ago      Up 43 minutes                           centos20200211
# 不加-f，只会删除已经停止退出的容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker rm -f $(docker ps -a -q)
ba4a8278426e
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES

查看容器日志

docker logs 容器id

-t 加入时间戳

-t 跟随最新的日志打印

–tail 数字显示最后的多少条

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[root@localhost ~]# docker logs -t -f --tail 20  4f30ee04eac7
2020-02-11T17:00:51.830836896Z bash: ll: command not found
2020-02-11T17:01:56.146309331Z [root@4f30ee04eac7 /]# ss
2020-02-11T17:01:56.279428980Z Netid     State      Recv-Q      Send-Q             Local Address:Port             Peer Address:Port      
2020-02-11T17:02:08.128296224Z [root@4f30ee04eac7 /]# ps
2020-02-11T17:02:08.134374708Z bash: $'\345\271ps': command not found
2020-02-11T17:02:13.669104746Z [root@4f30ee04eac7 /]ps -ef
2020-02-11T17:02:13.685931632Z UID        PID  PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
2020-02-11T17:02:13.687150066Z root         1     0  0 16:59 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/bash
2020-02-11T17:02:13.687185878Z root        18     1  0 17:02 pts/0    00:00:00 ps -ef
[root@4f30ee04eac7 /]# 
[root@4f30ee04eac7 /]# ps -ef
2020-02-11T17:05:14.601317299Z UID        PID  PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
2020-02-11T17:05:14.601362985Z root         1     0  0 16:59 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/bash
2020-02-11T17:05:14.601375403Z root        19     1  0 17:05 pts/0    00:00:00 ps -ef
2020-02-11T17:05:15.511402720Z [root@4f30ee04eac7 /]# pwd
2020-02-11T17:05:15.511432928Z /
2020-02-11T17:05:16.155997418Z [root@4f30ee04eac7 /]# ls
2020-02-11T17:05:16.160923769Z bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
2020-02-11T17:05:18.225781961Z [root@4f30ee04eac7 /]# cd 
2020-02-11T17:05:20.175387626Z [root@4f30ee04eac7 ~]# id
2020-02-11T17:05:20.180529056Z uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root)

查看容器内进程

docker top 容器id

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[root@localhost ~]# docker top 4f30ee04eac7
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
root                4648                4631                0                   00:59               pts/0               00:00:00            /bin/bash

进入容器

docker exec -it 容器ID bash

docker attach 容器ID

attach 直接进入容器启动命令的终端，不会启动新的进程

exec 是在容器中打开新的终端，并且可以启动新的进程

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[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it centos
[root@cd7a272e8786 /]# 
# 按Ctrl+P+Q退出容器
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
cd7a272e8786        centos              "/bin/bash"         12 seconds ago      Up 11 seconds                           heuristic_perlman
[root@localhost ~]# docker attach cd7a272e8786
[root@cd7a272e8786 /]# 

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[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it -t cd7a272e8786 ls -l /tmp
total 8
-rwx------ 1 root root  671 Jan 13 21:49 ks-script-_srt3u3c
-rwx------ 1 root root 1379 Jan 13 21:49 ks-script-gpqu_kuo

查看容器内部细节

docker inspect 容器id

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[root@localhost ~]# docker inspect 4f30ee04eac7
[
    {
        "Id": "4f30ee04eac790df1edc4d1ae87df1096cb4aac78f8b5a741602068f5a3ad1ba",
        "Created": "2020-02-11T16:59:07.103035515Z",
        "Path": "/bin/bash",
        "Args": [],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 4648,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2020-02-11T16:59:07.625242514Z",
            "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:470671670cac686c7cf0081e0b37da2e9f4f768ddc5f6a26102ccd1c6954c1ee",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/4f30ee04eac790df1edc4d1ae87df1096cb4aac78f8b5a741602068f5a3ad1ba/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/4f30ee04eac790df1edc4d1ae87df1096cb4aac78f8b5a741602068f5a3ad1ba/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/4f30ee04eac790df1edc4d1ae87df1096cb4aac78f8b5a741602068f5a3ad1ba/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/4f30ee04eac790df1edc4d1ae87df1096cb4aac78f8b5a741602068f5a3ad1ba/4f30ee04eac790df1edc4d1ae87df1096cb4aac78f8b5a741602068f5a3ad1ba-json.log",
        "Name": "/centos20200211",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "devicemapper",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "Capabilities": null,
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "DeviceId": "32",
                "DeviceName": "docker-253:0-102243954-b0ecd426ae759df49cab32c752911e1dcd35a84afc31955ba49a4699db11092d",
                "DeviceSize": "10737418240"
            },
            "Name": "devicemapper"
        },
        "Mounts": [],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "4f30ee04eac7",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": true,
            "AttachStdout": true,
            "AttachStderr": true,
            "Tty": true,
            "OpenStdin": true,
            "StdinOnce": true,
            "Env": [
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